陶瓷钢铁复合管生产工艺
陶瓷钢铁复合管是采用自蔓延高温合成―离心法制造的。即将无缝钢管放在离心机的管模内,在钢管内加入氧化铁粉和铝粉混合物,这种混合物在化学中称为铝热剂。离心机管模旋转达到一定速度后,经一火星点燃铝热剂,铝热剂立即自己燃烧,燃烧波迅速蔓延,在蔓延时发生如下剧烈的化学反应:
Ceramic steel composite pipes are made by self propagating high temperature synthesis centrifugation. The seamless steel pipe is placed in the pipe mold of centrifuge and the mixture of iron oxide powder and aluminum powder is added into the pipe. This mixture is called aluminothermic agent in chemistry. After rotating the centrifuge tube mold to a certain speed, a spark ignited the thermite, the thermite immediately burned itself, and the combustion wave spread rapidly. The following violent chemical reactions occurred during the spread:
2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe+836KJ
2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe+836KJ
3Fe3O4+8Al=4Al2O3+9Fe+3265KJ
3Fe3O4+8Al=4Al2O3+9Fe+3265KJ
铝热剂反应后生成物为稳定型α-Al2O3(即刚玉)和铁,同时放出大量热量。这些热量如在绝热条件下,绝热温度可达到3753K和3509K,它使钢管内原来物料以及反应后的生成物,即是熔点为2045℃的刚玉也都变成熔液。由于反应非常迅速,只有数秒钟,熔融反应物在离心力作用下。迅速按比重大小进行分离。铁的比重(7.85g/㎝3)为Al2O3 比重(3.95g/㎝3)两倍,较重的铁被离心力甩到钢管内壁,较轻的Al2O3则分布在铁层的内层。由于钢管迅速吸热和传热,Al2O3 和Fe 很快达到凝固点,分层凝固。最后形成的陶瓷钢管从内到外分别为刚玉瓷层,以铁为主的过渡层,以及外部的钢管层。高温熔融的铁液和Al2O3液,与钢管内壁接触,使钢管内壁处于半熔融状态,使铁层与钢管形成冶金结合,铁层与刚玉瓷层间也形成牢固的机械结合,其结合压剪强度(即在轴向把陶瓷层压出时强度)≥15MPa;陶瓷钢管压溃强度(即从管外把管内陶瓷压碎时的强度)≥50MPa。
After the thermit reaction, the products are stable alpha -Al2O3 (Ji Gangyu) and iron, and at the same time give off a lot of heat. These heat such as adiabatic conditions, adiabatic temperature can reach 3753K and 3500K, it makes the original material in the steel tube and the reaction products, that is, the melting point of 2045C corundum also into melt. Because the reaction is very rapid, only a few seconds, the melt reacts under centrifugal force. It is rapidly separated by specific gravity. The specific gravity of iron (7.85g/133) is twice that of Al2O3 (3.95g/133). The heavier iron is thrown into the inner wall of the steel tube by centrifugal force, and the lighter Al2O3 is distributed in the inner layer of the iron layer. Due to the rapid endothermic and heat transfer of steel tubes, Al2O3 and Fe quickly solidify and solidify. The final ceramic steel pipe is corundum porcelain layer, iron-based transition layer and external steel pipe layer from inside to outside. High-temperature molten iron and Al_2O_3 liquid contact with the inner wall of the steel pipe, so that the inner wall of the steel pipe in a semi-melting state, so that the iron layer and Steel Pipe Metallurgical bonding, iron layer and corundum porcelain layer also formed a strong mechanical bonding, the bonding shear strength (i.e. when the axial compression strength of the ceramic laminate) is greater than 15 MPa; That is to say, the strength of crushed ceramic tube from outside the tube is greater than 50MPa.